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[Images from the Id] – The Raw Wars

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Images from the Id: The RAW Wars.

OK we are done with the basics of exposure. Just one of those things you must remember. Those simple ideas have a great effect on your images.

Ice Angel

Shooting Raw

Most good cameras, beyond the smart phone, can capture images in what is called a RAW format. As a photographic educator I have heard hours of arguments about this. The battle is on. There is a very small number advanced photographers who shoot in jpeg format and do very good work but most of us shoot RAW. Raw is file format when the camera records in the file and all of the information available in the scene, that the sensor can record. Jpeg takes the information and compresses it to a smaller size. Sort of like condensing orange juice, something is removed (in the case of OJ, water) and something is missing. If you think reconstituted orange juice tastes the same as fresh maybe my argument is unimportant. There is a difference and it depends on whether you care or not. When a camera takes a jpeg it compresses it and usually a little computer makes a decision in a microsecond as to what it should look like. Many times it can work very well but most of us would rather make those decisions. The RAW file gives us the ability to make a much great range of adjustments on the images. Examples of adjustments that are better in RAW would be white balance, noise reduction, sharpening and dynamic range among others. In a jpeg image these are controlled by the camera not the photographer. Which do you want?

Before I go on let me make something clear. Jpegs are very important- just not as good for the capture of images. Computers and software can only render-see Jpeg images. So even a RAW file must have a Jpeg component so the computer can show it on the screen or the camera on its LCD.

Advantages of jpeg

1. Small file size about 1/4 (or less) that of a RAW file

2. Very good quality (depends more on the computer in the camera but most are good)

3. Less post-capture processing (that little computer again)

4 No conversion needed

Advantages of RAW

1. Much more control over various attributes of the image

2. Possibility for excellent (better) results

3. Photographer controlled

Disadvantages of jpeg.

1. Something is gone for ever. Unlike orange juice you just can’t throw the water back in.

2. Many adjustment decisions made before the file is recorded

3. Less ability to improve or do any substantial work with the image.

4. Sort of like having your hands tied.

Disadvantages of RAW

1. Large files (a file from a Nikon d800 can be 36 mb)

2. Needs a RAQ converter (Not really a problem usually it comes with the camera and all good     editing software has one ex. Photoshop has Adobe Camera RAW (aka. ACR)

3. A jpeg will “look” better before processing

Some people save in both formats but usually it’s a waste of time and disk space. Adobe has produced an open-source RAW format called Digital Negative (.dng) this is independent of the camera and the company and does not require special coding to convert. More and more camera companies like Leica are using it.Nikon (.nef) and Canon (.CR2) are their own. and it is comparable with most software.

Next week: Why are they looking at the back of their camera?

[Images from the Id] – A little planning goes along way or it’s the Holiday Season.

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Images from the Id: A little planning goes along way or it’s the Holiday Season.

Jack-001

Last week, we were talking about exposure. What does that has to do with the Holidays and planning? One of the most important parts of the exposure triangle is the f-stop or aperture. Learn to use it and you will experience significant growth  in your ability to create your vision. This is why advanced photographers always set their camera mode to A for Aperture Mode or even M for Manual Mode. P or Programmed Mode can be usable but more complex. Why all this trouble? It has to do with focus. There is a property of any instrument that produces an image called Depth of Field. If there is one thing you learn to use correctly this is it. Depth of Field is the distance (or depth) of the image, foreground to background that is in focus and it must be controllable and controlled.  The smaller the aperture (Bigger number – Remember it’s a fraction and bigger denominators mean smaller numbers) mean greater depth of field. DON’T forget that. The problem with a typical point and shot camera is there is very little control of the depth of field. It drives me nuts because that is the first thing I try to do. Now my iPhone like most Smart Phones has no control because it has a huge depth of field  because its lens focal length is extremely short. It is an advantage for that type of photography.

Rules

1 – Get the camera out of Automatic and into A (Aperture) so you can select the aperture

2 – Learn to control Depth of Field with the f-stop. The greater the f-stop the greater the Depth of Field.

3 – Keep the exposure you want by observing the Exposure Triangle (Last week)

4 – Change the “normal” exposure to create your vision

 

A modern camera will select the exposure by comparing what the camera sees with a tiny computer perception of what it is. Usually this is a decent average but not necessarily what you want. Change that to get the depth of field you want then look for the expose you want.

Holiday shots can be more creative if you try some different ideas. Example, use a lower view point, kiddingly called getting down. Try a low shot of the turkey with the camera close to the bird and the family around the table. The bird will look very big and with a small aperture (big f-stop number) like f-18+ and everything in focus. This is one place where the smart phone may out do a point and shot. Now how about a picture of the turkey with the background out of focus. Hint – large aperture (small f-stop number). Get the idea? Impossible with the smart phone. This is one of the highest priorities in good photography.

 

Exposure – This is a little more difficult but learn how to override the camera’s exposure choice. Most of the time this is a button marked +/-, somewhere on the top of the camera. This is why most pros and advanced amateurs use the Manual Mode. In the Manual Mode you ca easily see the camera’s choice and adjust it to want you want. I find this is good for many situations but not for fast shooting, such as wildlife.

If you want something moody cut down on the exposure. Snow sense might need a little more exposure for white snow. Next week: So all this is interesting but who do I judge exposure or Why are those guys always looking at the back of their camera?

[Images from the Id] Photographic Vision

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Images from the Id-Photographic Vision

Ghost Ride

Image Title- Ghost Ride on a Carousel – Santa Monica Pier

A few days ago, I was walking through the Plaza in Santa Fe considering writing this blog and a couple stepped up, each with their own iPad, and took a picture. Is there really a difference between my images, we don’t say pictures anymore, and their’s? My thousands-of-dollars of equipment and their multitaskers? It might be more or maybe less than you think. What is a photograph? Why are we photographers?

I need to make a few assumptions about us photographers. First, we have some desire to take better pictures (I like pictures here better than images). Second, we are motivated to improve. OK, maybe some of us are more “driven” than others. Third, we all think of equipment as being the most important part and we are all wrong, or mostly wrong

As for equipment. To quote Bill Murray (Meatballs 1979) “It doesn’t really matter” or does it?

The most important piece of equipment is the mind of a photographer:

It’s the mind that really counts- your mind and not anyone else’s mind. Hopefully, we all have one but do we know how to use it “like a photographer”?  Most minds start out as unperceptive, little lumps of white and gray matter that act a little like a sponge and start soaking up all that is good and bad around them. That is why my definition of mind includes the sensory connections to the world. As a prospective photographer, we must train the mind to see things differently. Minds, following the Law of Entropy, would rather learn bad things not good and they don’t like being told what to do. Think about (Did I say that?). So get your ducks in a row or duck in a row, sort of like clapping with one hand? Is that why we would snap our fingers in the 60’s? BOT (back on topic). Vision is the most important and you can train your Id, sub-conscience.

You have probably noticed that my mind is it goes anywhere it wants. I have little control but that is actually good when thinking like a photographer. That’s the point. Shoot differently, shoot to show others your perception of the Universe. It makes no difference what camera you are using if you don’t “see” the shot. Learn to look at angle perspective light, what can be called composition. At this point might expect information about following “The Rules”.  Rules make good images. Knowing when to break the rules can make great images. Yes we’ll talk about rules, learn them well  and when to break them.

Your “Vision” is different and not not well understood by others. It includes part of your soul and who you are. Remember you are not what other think your are. It is your difficulty to communicate yourself in your images. Everything you work on is to show that Vision.

Next  the other equipment and how it relates to your “vision”

 

 

Mo’ Problems Getting Mo’ Money

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Any tips on how I can get a raise? The 2% they’ve been giving me every year is not enough. I was looking on salary.com and it says I should be making thousands more than I am. How do I get them to pay me what I’m worth?

–Deserve More

Dear More,

You’ve been getting 2% every year? Wow, lucky you! Since the economy exploded a few years ago, I think it would be difficult to find many people out there who have been getting steady increases every year. I think most who are employed are grateful to have a job and most who aren’t employed just really hate you right now.

Here’s a universal truth for you: EVERY employee thinks they are underpaid. Every single one. Those oil company CEOs you hear about on the news making 90 ba-zillion dollars? They want 95 ba-zillion dollars. It’s a fact of life. The difference between what an employee thinks they’re worth and what an employer thinks a job is worth is usually pretty wide.

From the employee’s perspective- you are thinking about your cost of living, that new Lamborghini Aventador that looks super sexy in lime green, the fact that a freaking box of Peanut Butter Cheerios costs about five bucks, and have you seen the price of gas? Aventadors get about 2 miles to the gallon, those babies ain’t cheap. Add in the fact that, according to you, you do an awesome job, you are on time every day (mostly), get all of your work done, you are the epitome of the good employee. So yes, you deserve a raise, goddammit. And not one of those Cost of Living trifles, a real, honest to goodness raise. Something that, when you get your next paycheck, you’ll actually notice it’s higher. You know, one of those fancy types of raises.

From the employer’s perspective- they have thought a lot about what you are worth to them. They probably have a whole person in the HR Department who just sits around figuring out what people should get paid. What a company decides to pay employees is like any marketplace. It’s like buying a Lamborghini Aventador, let’s say. You want a lime green one but you don’t want to pay too much for it. Turns out, everyone else wants the lime green one, so to procure your snazzy new supercar, you might get in to a bidding war, or you might have to pay full price at the dealership. But who knows, maybe you’ll find one cheap on Craigslist. Companies are the same way, they want the best employees to fill their positions and they don’t want to pay too much for them. They do research, invest in trusted salary surveys, create salary grades, and do all sorts of boring things that lead them to only giving you 2% a year. There are all sorts of math, charts, theories, and power point presentations behind that 2%. You’d be amazed.

So, you want tips? Here are some tips:

Do research.

Salary.com is evil, and I’m not just saying that cuz I’m a mean old HR hag who sucks the joy out of life and wants to make sure no one in the world makes the salary they deserve. While some of that may be true, everyone should understand that the data on salary.com is not always good data. Compensation data collection is a bit of a science that involves benchmarking job duties, factoring in things like experience, industry, geography, trends, etc. A lot of comp professionals think that salary.com data still includes information from the tech boom (wasn’t that like, 100 years ago now? I find this dubious, but I still hear that theory a lot).

It’s kind of like when you are watching Pawn Stars (theoretically) and some dude is trying to sell the storm trooper helmet he made from scratch out of marshmallow fluff. The big guy behind the counter asks: “How much do you want for it?” Nerd with sticky fingers says: “I’ve seen them on the internet for $1,000” Big guys comes back with: “Yeah, but is anyone buying them for a $1,000?” So there you go, salary.com is like a storm trooper helmet made of marshmallow fluff, everyone thinks they’re worth something, but no one’s willing to pay for them. Or, in simpler less abstract terms, something (or someone) is only worth what someone (or some company) is willing to pay for it (or them). Yes, that was my less abstract explanation, sue me. Wait! Don’t sue me.

So how do you do research? If you belong to a professional organization, you might want to start there. Or, one thing I’ve done in the past is look at Monster or Careerbuilder, or yes, even Craigslist. Sometimes companies will list the salary range they are looking for in their job ads. Find a job that sounds like what you do and see what others are willing to pay right now, in your geographic area. And here’s a good side benefit, maybe you’ll find a better paying job somewhere else!

Other salary data out there: check the websites of staffing agencies. Robert Half, Accountemps, etc. all post salary guides which are usually free. Also, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (bls.gov) publishes salary data. The key here is to make sure you are looking at a position that has similar duties to your position and is in a similar geographic or metropolitan location, titles don’t count.

Market yourself.

Remember how I said that compensation is a marketplace? Figure out what you know or what you have done that makes you worth more. Maybe you’ve gotten a certification (or maybe you should). Maybe you saved the company millions of dollars when you managed that software implementation. Make a list. Focus on ways that you have added value to your department and the organization. Be persuasive. Don’t be coy.

Specialize/Find a Niche.

Look for areas in your job and/or your company where you can specialize. Look for underserved areas, or maybe complex areas. Think of it this way: if you are a receptionist, it doesn’t really matter what industry you work in or where you live. It’s not too difficult for your company to find a receptionist to do that job. However, let’s say you are a computer programmer who just happens to know the particular programming language that your company uses that is very rare and specific to the industry. In this case, there are few people who can do that job, and they probably get a premium for their knowledge. Not to say anything bad about being a receptionist, but it’s kind of like being a silver Honda Civic, they’re reliable but everywhere. However, if you are the programmer in this example, you are the lime green Lamborghini, you may be ugly as sin but you’re rare and super cool. And rare and super cool can equal money in the bank.

Quit.

The most successful way I have ever seen to get a raise that is higher than the yearly merit-cost of living-token 2%, is to find another job that wants to pay you more and then threaten to quit. It’s a sad fact that most companies will only give you a raise if you leave. It sucks, but it’s true. Hiring and training your replacement is more costly, and more annoying than paying you more. But, here’s a warning that applies to any advice I’ve ever given you: I’m speaking in generalities. I’ve also seen this backfire on people, so don’t make the threat unless you mean it. However, I think it’s healthy to stay in touch with the marketplace, send your resume out occasionally. Something may come of it, something may not.

Ask.

You’ll remember that, my dear loyal readers, Mme HR likes to listen to NPR. A month or so ago they were doing a story about how women don’t really know how to negotiate. It was an interesting story, but here was the takeaway for me: I never flat out ask for what I want. I feel like I have mastered the dance, the ploys and manipulations were I talk and ask and suggest about every point in the circle without ever hitting the bulls eye. And when the bulls eye finally gets hit, it is usually someone else’s idea, and I’m freaking exhausted. After listening to this radio story, and processing it through the Rube Goldberg machine that is my mind, I decided to start asking for what I wanted. No more dancing around the real subject, no more prevarication, no more games. Just be direct. And you know what? So far, it’s working. I’m not a 100%, but my first success: I was dealing with a particularly vexing problem that I knew a solution for, and I had come up with all sorts of excuses as to why they would say no to my suggestion, so I was dropping hints and asking for things that were close to what I wanted, but not exactly what I wanted. Then, I just decided to ask for it directly. And I got it. And I was right. I couldn’t stop smiling that day—my best day at work in a long, long time. And, it was so much faster than the usual song and dance.

In the spirit of being direct, I’ll get to the point. You want a raise? Ask for one. What’s the worst that can happen? Even if they say no, you’ve planted some seeds, you’ve kicked open a door that will stay ajar for the next time you want to talk about it. Keep asking. Oh, and shoot for the moon. You want to make $60K a year? Ask for $75K. This is another thing I’ve learned the hard way. I guess that’s why it’s a negotiation, right? Be brave. Don’t come up with the reasons it’s a bad idea before you even ask, don’t hand them the excuses. Let them come up with the reasons it’s a bad idea.

So there you have it, good luck! I wish I could say with any confidence whether or not any of these tips will actually work. But that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t try! Maybe you’ll get a raise! Maybe you’ll get a new job! Maybe you’ll get fired! (No, wait, probably not that). Maybe you’ll just get that 2% again, but you were going to get that anyway. So either way, you are that much closer to that Lamborghini! Lime green, really?

Good luck out there,

Madame

This post originally appeared on Fierce and Nerdy April, 2013.

Questions Madame HR? Submit them via the handy contact form to the right, or email me here. All questions and stories will be kept confidential!

Don’t Take My Job–Please!

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Dear Madame HR,

I read with interest your answer a few weeks ago for someone who wanted to be laid off from their job. I have been laid off from my job and I absolutely did not want to be. I am in shock. I don’t know what to do now? Any advice?

Don’t take my job—please

Dear Please,

Gosh, I’m sorry, and I mean that sincerely, I really do. I understand what it feels like to be suddenly separated from your job. Did you know that in some countries they call it being made “redundant?” How freaking insulting is that? I mean, it’s bad enough to lose your job, but then to have the added injury of being called redundant. It’s almost as if they are adding on the extra commentary that you are boring, or superfluous, surplus, unwanted, unneeded, disused. And no, I’m not quoting Morrissey lyrics from 1986, I’m using my Microsoft Word handy thesaurus gizmo. Thank god we live in America, where we go in the opposite direction by coming up with the euphemism: “reduction in force.” In other words, “it’s not your fault, Johnny, we just don’t need as much force as we used to.” We also like to use “separation” now instead of “termination” like the end result is somehow different. Oh language, is there no limit to the ways we can use you to try and make something seem better than it actually is?

Anyway, I digress. You ask what to do now, but you don’t give me many details so I will have to make some assumptions, I apologize if I’m totally off base.

Because of the WARN Act (The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act), if you were part of a mass layoff, there are certain things your company has to do when they lay you off. One of those is notify you 60 calendar days in advance. There are some other things they have to do as well, so if you think you fall under this, Google it and read the info on the DOL website.

Also, if others were laid off at the same time as you, whether or not it qualifies as a “mass” layoff under WARN, there are other things your employer has to do. If you are over 40, for example, they have to provide you a list of all the positions they have eliminated and the ages of the people affected. They also have to tell you the ages of people who are in similar positions to those that were eliminated but who were retained. Basically, what they are getting at here, is they don’t want companies to just layoff all their old people, and if they do, they want the old people to know about it. And I’m not going to insert commentary here about how freaking insulting it is that 40 is their boundary between “old” and “not old,” but I guess I just did. Most employees are mortified when they receive this document, by the way, it feels like a humongous breach of privacy to me (even though we don’t put names, everyone knows who we are talking about).  For all you Googlers out there, this provision falls under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission- EEOC (specifically the Age Discrimination Employment Act- ADEA).

When you were separated from your job, they probably gave you a bunch of paperwork to sign. These documents usually fall into a couple of categories, there is the normal term paperwork, saying that you received your paycheck, that you have been notified of your COBRA rights, that you have turned in your keys, etc. There may also be a release agreement offering you a severance package. This does not need to be signed on your term date, in fact, depending on the nature of the layoff, your age, etc., you have between 14 and 45 days to sign the agreement.

I know you were in shock when this news was delivered. Yes, it’s a little cruel that we dump this on you and then shove a bunch of paperwork under your nose and ask you to sign it. Most of the term paperwork is standard, you aren’t really promising your first born child and giving away anything by signing. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t read it. And, if you’ve already signed it days ago without reading it, read it now. Make sure you actually didn’t, in fact, promise your first born child. If you did, I hope you aren’t currently pregnant. But you probably aren’t, cuz then they probably wouldn’t have laid you off, but that’s a different post entirely. However, the release for your severance, I’d wait a few days before signing that.

Why? Well, read the document. A general severance agreement has you acknowledging some stuff, like:

  1. You’ve received all monies and  benefits due to you
  2. You have no pending complaints or charges against the company
  3. You won’t file a lawsuit
  4. You release all known and unknown claims (usually includes fraud, breach of contract, wrongful discharge, intentional or negligent infliction of emotional distress (my personal favorite), the list goes on and on and on.
  5. A whole bunch of legal language like “Ambiguities” and “Counterparts.”

If you looked at the list of things they are asking you to sign away and thought to yourself, “hey, that’s me!” maybe you should show this thing to a lawyer before you sign it. If you’re slapping your forehead right now because you just blindly signed it and didn’t actually read it, I hope you are over 40. Why? Because if you are over 40, usually you have a right to revoke within 7 days of signing (there’s that pesky ADEA again). Now might be the time to exercise that right if you don’t feel kosher about things.

Here are a few more things to think about:

  1. Severance is negotiable. Sure, they have some sort of crazy ass formula (2 weeks for every 10 years, or some such nonsense). However, think of it this way: they want you to sign this document. They really really really really want you to sign it. So, don’t get greedy, but ask for more. Make it something that makes sense. Like some sort of multiple of your annual salary or x amount of dollars for every year. The worst they can say is no, but if you are reasonable, I think they will at least bump up their original offer. By asking and not blindly signing, you have moved yourself into a worrisome category for them and an extra $5,000 or $10,000 is small potatoes to make you go away (especially if they laid off a bunch of people at once).
  2. Severance is taxable as earnings, damn you IRS! And most will tax at the supplemental rate which is 25% Fed, 6.6% state (if you are in CA, rate varies by state), 7.65% FICA (I hate that guy), disability, etc. etc. Usually totaling around 40%. So, yes, that dollar figure they’ve given you might sound really good to you right now, but prepare yourself for sticker shock when you actually get your check.
  3. Severance is not a legal requirement. Maybe they haven’t offered you severance at all, if so, then sorry for spending so much time talking about it. Oh, and if they didn’t offer you severance, ask for it. Why not? If they think they have to worry about you, then it might be worth it to them to pay you money to sign a release of claims (aka severance agreement).

Ok, severance or not, bottom line is: should you sue? Maybe. I don’t know your situation. However, I would advise you to consider that suing is not a slam dunk. Do you have a case? Are there damages you can claim? Will you get more money by suing (don’t forget lawyer fees) then they are already offering you? Lawsuits take a really long time, by the way. It’s kind of like when you are watching Pawn Stars (yes, my favorite TV analogy EVER) and he says: “I’ll pay you in cash money now.” Yes, I’m paying you less than you might get if you went to auction or that you might get on ebay, or wherever. However, here we are right now and I have cash in my hand—that can be worth a lot.

You asked me what you should do, if I have any advice for you. I do have some ideas:

  1. Don’t take it personally- especially if this layoff involved more than one person and wasn’t one of those “Let’s call it a layoff” to get rid of one person that we’re afraid to discipline in a meaningful way.
  2. Don’t panic- if you like reading my columns, I have one for job seekers (yes, it was tailored to more entry level job seekers, but some of the tips still apply)
  3. File for unemployment. There is no shame in that.
  4. If you received a severance agreement, think about it for a little bit before you sign. If there is something fishy going on, call a lawyer to discuss your concerns.
  5. Did your company offer you outplacement assistance? If so, take advantage of that. If not, ask for it. Outplacement assistance can take many forms but usually involves resume and interviewing coaching.
  6. Build up your network. Again, you don’t have to be ashamed. Send out your resume to others you worked with, vendors, competitors, etc. Post your situation on Facebook and LinkedIn and all those other online places. Don’t be crazy about it, just let everyone know you are looking.
  7. Be mindful of your deadlines. How long until you have to send back that severance agreement? Don’t miss your COBRA deadline! What else?
  8. Stock up on some good inspirational Facebook memes. (Is it just me or does anyone else think these things look like little PowerPoint slides from the seventh circle of hell?) Find one that says something like: “Failure is not a stop sign, Hope makes it a yield sign.” With a picture of two roads crossing in the middle of nowhere. Or, how about: “When one door closes just keep knocking until someone asks ‘who’s there?’” You know what I’m talking about. Print it out, stick it in a place you will see it. You can do it! (On a side note, have you ever been to Despair.com? I’m not supposed to say this but their demotivater posters are my favorite things in the whole wide world. I will silently scroll through them on a particular bad afternoon and they soothe my soul. But I’m kind of a sarcastic bitch.)

“You’ll survive this” (picture of a tiger licking his chops), “Every cloud has a silver lining” (picture of a cloud (I know, kind of on the nose)), “it’s always darkest before the dawn” (blank blacked out picture). I wish you good luck and piles of money from your prior employer, hopefully the government won’t take it all.

Good luck out there,

Madame

 

This post originally appeared on Fierce and Nerdy July 23, 2013.

Questions Madame HR? Submit them via the handy contact form to the right, or email me here. All questions and stories will be kept confidential!