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[Images from the Id] – The Digital or Film or Why Is There a Fuss.

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Parade

Parade

Not to long ago, there was a major controversy with all levels of photographers as the transition from film photography to digital occurred. At the time, there was some advantage to one or the other. So let’s look at the controversy

Film photography involves the quality of image, the picture taking process (more on that later) and…Gee I can’t think of anything else. Maybe you get the idea where I am coming from. Actually, I have several friends which still shoot film and I know of professionals who’s portfolio is composed of black and white monochrome images and they take pride in the fact that the images were produced in the film darkroom. Clues to this process includes the statement there the print is a “Gelatin Silver Emulsion”. You may also notice this in museum displays. This means the print was processed from film using film paper, both of which use silver salts to produce the image. The process can produce stunning black and white prints which are difficult to equal with digital processing. Artists can use the same process for other proposes but let’s stick to photography. The automatic processing of film meant that unless you had a darkroom to do your own processing someone’s computerized processing unit decided on what your photo looked like. Some of us resorted to converting the upstairs bathroom into a darkroom when needed. Anyone want a portable darkroom? Because of the cost of processing film and the time it took, photographers were much more careful about each shot and learned to get the basics- composition and exposure, correct in one or two tries. Color slides were fun because there were no automatic adjustments made in processing. Being a Chemistry teacher, at the time, I enjoyed developing them in the kitchen sink and that was not too difficult. Speaking of Chemistry, the example of photography was an excellent teaching tool.

Digital photography has revolutionized the profession and hobby. Anyone can become an exceptional photographer with some education and effort. The image files, if done correctly, can give a great range of results. Less time is spent in processing and it can be as simple and automated as the photographer wants. Where the majority of time was spent in the darkroom now, by the choice of most of us, we spend more time taking the images. The expense has shifted to how much is spent on software and digital printing instead of film, enlargers, chemicals and paper. Is there any reason to take film?

 

[Images from the Id] – Close Encounters of the Moose Kind Part 3

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 Elk-001

Images from the Id – Close Encounters of the Moose Kind Part 3 or So What is Wrong with this Picture?

In a span of two summers, I was able to get about 300 shots of moose. Most of the images I could not have gotten in any other place and most are quite nice. But… There are some problems that bother me and have tempered my enthusiasm for wildlife photography. I was trained as a biologist and have always had a love for nature and wildlife and modern wildlife photography has become a competitive “sport”. In the days of film, a good portrait was a good wildlife shot. Now with digital and its advantages of high ISO, fast cameras and long lens along with the ability to shoot a very large number of images and keep the “best”, the results are lightyears better. Now the animal photographs must be active and showing behavior. Sometimes exceptional portraits will score but that is rare. At present when the photographer wants to get that special shot, there is a major competition in the very act of shooting the “shot”, For example, in the moose shots, the first time I went to the site there were 9 moose and 3 photographers within two months there were the same moose but 15 photographers. Shooting the elk rut in Rocky Mountain National Park, about 50+ photographers of various levels. Because of the ability to communicate (social media etc.) along with increasing population of photographers and increased access demand, everyone knows where to go. Apache Bosque in New Mexico attracts millions of migratory birds each winter and thousands of photographers. Arguably, this can effect the lives of the animals. Probably not so much the birds at Apache Bosque because they are so far away but in many cases the proximity of the photographers have changed the behavior of the animals. Moose and Elk are losing their fear of man and man is losing the fear of the animal. It is becoming hard for some to think of the animal as wild. Many people are getting much to close for safety. The poor Park Rangers are going nuts trying to enforce Park rules which are for the protection of both people and animals. It is very hard not to do something dangerous when everyone else is. Environmentalist and conservationists claim that one of the worst practices has become the baiting of animals and birds, most notably the Snowy Owl with mice. There is definite proof that this adversely effects the behavior and survival of the owls and many locations have outlawed it but it is still practiced. The video is an example of the moose getting to close to the photographer not visa versa. The photographer, my wife, had little choice.  

This week’s image is a rutting bull elk at Rocky Mountain National Park last October. The shot is a result of experience and knowledge of the behavior of the animal. I was in a group of 5 photographers using a car for protection “just in case”. I predicted the place where he would appear and location of the bull on a hill above us. I also was ready for his charge back to his harem. Metadata – 1/100 sec, ISO 200 f-13, 400 mm (600 effective) Processed in Adobe Lightroom 5

[Images from the Id] Encounters of the Moose Kind Part 2 or Exposure and Dynamic range

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Images from the Id – Close Encounters of the Moose Kind Part 2 or Exposure and Dynamic Range

It's All in the Light

It’s All in the Light

Success at any wildlife shoot involves preparation and practice. You must know your equipment and be ready to put all of that knowledge into rapid use. Practice involves shooting frame after frame of non-interesting subjects. In my case, a lot of gulls and what birders call white-faced geese, most of which are Canada Geese. Ok, so some of those images have done well and even won awards but it can be great practice. In the case of these moose, the skills needed were quite simple. It’s important to take a lot of shots searching for the perfect image. Getting the camera adjustments correct the first time in difficult lighting and fast shooting conditions- that takes practice.

A modern camera doesn’t necessarily  get the exposure of a dark moose on the lighter background of the sky or water correct. Learn to set your camera for the result you want in the end. A pro shoots in manual so quick changes in exposure can be made based upon experience and comparing that with the camera’s choice. The learning curve is high but once learned the results can be quick and accurate. You can start by using the Exposure Compensation button on the camera and using it to raise or lower the choice of the camera. Practice before you need it. Use it to over expose dark subjects on light bright backgrounds such as birds flying across the sky. Or to under expose light subjects on dark background. The camera wants to average everything to neutral gray. Another place you may want to increase the exposure is in snow. Cameras generally like snow gray and not white.

I remind you. Shot in RAW. Shooting images in RAW format does require a little more processing in the end and a little more disc space for the larger files and most of the time they don’t look as good as the jpg file but having a RAW file, increases your ability to adjust the image to a much greater extent especially in the White Balance, and Dynamic Range (which is the detail in the light and dark areas of the image). In the case of my cover image this week having the RAW image made all of the difference between getting a usable image and being limited to a limited result. The biggest problem with shooting jpg is you will never know what you have lost. I cannot accept that limitation- just shoot RAW and get a bigger hard drive, they are actually pretty cheap. By the way, some cameras allow you to shoot both Raw and jpg simultaneously. Don’t waste time and file space by shooting both, there is no advantage in that.

The story of the image: I had crossed the road to the willows surrounding the lake on our second trip. It was about 7:30 in the morning and sun was low in the East. Moose were everywhere. I counted nine sets of antlers above the low brush. The adreniline peaked and anticipation drove us into the willows. There were no cows. As it turns out that was probably a significant factor along with it being mid-August contributing to their being docile. This meant moose hormones were at a low. The antlers were in late velvet and they would be shed during the rut in the fall. The location was no longer a secret and the willows were filled with photographers. I headed for the lake, while my shooting partner (my wife) headed for high ground of one of the low hills in the brush.  Approaching the lake, I saw a  moose drinking and a photographer shooting. First thought, why am I always 5 seconds late?  Ok, that’s not always true because I do get more than my share of “the” shots but when you miss one, you still think that. I had no time to think and adjust for exposure. The moose was to the East and the sun was to the East. It was  all wrong  for my setup and no time to correct, the moose had already raised his head. I Had both the D300 and D5100 prepared and had the 18-200 mm lens on the D300. Effectively a 300 mm. (remember DX?) Distance was no problem but the light was another story. I got off one shot with the D300 before the composition was gone.

Turns out the camera settings were way off ISO 800, no need for that speed. Exposure compensation -2/3, What in the hell was it doing set less and not more for shadow detail? A lesson learned. Shutter speed 1/8000 sec. no need for that speed either. Aperture f-5.6, how far off can you get?    This combination is way out of whack for the situation. If I could have the time I would have done: ISO 200 (less noise), Exposure compensation +1 (for the shadows), shutter speed about 1/500 sec, aperture f-8 (a sharper choice) and a quick look at the histogram. It’s too late when it’s over. (that sounds just like a Yogi-ism).

So what did I get, a great silhouette. It took a little work in Lightroom and Photoshop to bring out the color in the background and emphasize the glow of the velvet around the antlers. I like it a lot but… Next week; Close Encounters of the Moose Kind Part 3 or So What is Wrong with this Picture?

[Images from the Id] – Sanity and Intellect and the New Year

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Canada Goose

Canada Goose

The psyche of the photographer can be a great challenge for himself or those around him, at least for this photographer.

I really pity those who live or work close to me. Every few years or so I have to try something new. To simplify the logic of this, let’s call these “lives”. I had many more than a cat. The photography life has lasted much longer, 30 years, than most. A tribute to its versatility.

For examples, playing the banjo. About seven or eight years ago, as we walked through a music store, my wife commented, how fun it would be to play the banjo. Now one thing you need to realize, my wife is into music, teaching performing for many years. I am into music too, which another part of this discussion (attention span?) It is among the “thousands” of lives I have lived. To get on with it, within a week I had a banjo and was into Bluegrass music. The first of seven banjos. Because of a previous life of playing a mediocre but pretty advanced guitar, within a few weeks I was playing a decent Five String banjo and jamming with intermediate players. Most of my family made every attempt to discourage anything to do with Bluegrass Music. My son, the classical guitarist, would give me one of those smirky smiles and at least mentally head for the door. My wife’s usual approach to was to encourage me and hope that it didn’t destroy my finances or in this case damage her ears. She never pushed me to the garage which many wives do. Several things came from this obsession. First, an expensive collection of banjos. More on that later. Second, a feud with a very famous 5-string picker who just before giving me an Outstanding Jam Picker Award publicly embarrassed me because of my sinus problem which to him him was public nose “picking”. My feelings lean toward the old adage “walk a mile in his shoes” but in this case it has more to do with sinuses. non-sufferers will never understand.  Third was an arthritic right thumb. Bluegrass requires a lot of power. Fourth, an appreciation of participation. Bluegrass is popular because anyone can play it and just about everyone who listens to it does play it. Fifth, you lose money when you trade banjos for camera lenses.

I still love the twang of the strings and the rhythm but I again found my old flame the camera. I love the sound of the click of the shutter. I like the result and producing something myself and others can call art. I like the recognition of the awards and producing something other actually say they like.

So here’s Some New Years Resolutions for you to consider.

Try to use the controls on your camera- Get off Automatic – Keep the beat

Do not give anyone a picture with a bad white balance – Tune the banjo

Make something common look uncommon –  Listen to Béla Fleck

Work harder to get better results – There are many pickers but few Earl Scruggs.

JOIN a local photography club and compete – Jam sessions are fun and teach faster than sitting around

 

[Images from the Id] – A little planning goes along way or it’s the Holiday Season.

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Images from the Id: A little planning goes along way or it’s the Holiday Season.

Jack-001

Last week, we were talking about exposure. What does that has to do with the Holidays and planning? One of the most important parts of the exposure triangle is the f-stop or aperture. Learn to use it and you will experience significant growth  in your ability to create your vision. This is why advanced photographers always set their camera mode to A for Aperture Mode or even M for Manual Mode. P or Programmed Mode can be usable but more complex. Why all this trouble? It has to do with focus. There is a property of any instrument that produces an image called Depth of Field. If there is one thing you learn to use correctly this is it. Depth of Field is the distance (or depth) of the image, foreground to background that is in focus and it must be controllable and controlled.  The smaller the aperture (Bigger number – Remember it’s a fraction and bigger denominators mean smaller numbers) mean greater depth of field. DON’T forget that. The problem with a typical point and shot camera is there is very little control of the depth of field. It drives me nuts because that is the first thing I try to do. Now my iPhone like most Smart Phones has no control because it has a huge depth of field  because its lens focal length is extremely short. It is an advantage for that type of photography.

Rules

1 – Get the camera out of Automatic and into A (Aperture) so you can select the aperture

2 – Learn to control Depth of Field with the f-stop. The greater the f-stop the greater the Depth of Field.

3 – Keep the exposure you want by observing the Exposure Triangle (Last week)

4 – Change the “normal” exposure to create your vision

 

A modern camera will select the exposure by comparing what the camera sees with a tiny computer perception of what it is. Usually this is a decent average but not necessarily what you want. Change that to get the depth of field you want then look for the expose you want.

Holiday shots can be more creative if you try some different ideas. Example, use a lower view point, kiddingly called getting down. Try a low shot of the turkey with the camera close to the bird and the family around the table. The bird will look very big and with a small aperture (big f-stop number) like f-18+ and everything in focus. This is one place where the smart phone may out do a point and shot. Now how about a picture of the turkey with the background out of focus. Hint – large aperture (small f-stop number). Get the idea? Impossible with the smart phone. This is one of the highest priorities in good photography.

 

Exposure – This is a little more difficult but learn how to override the camera’s exposure choice. Most of the time this is a button marked +/-, somewhere on the top of the camera. This is why most pros and advanced amateurs use the Manual Mode. In the Manual Mode you ca easily see the camera’s choice and adjust it to want you want. I find this is good for many situations but not for fast shooting, such as wildlife.

If you want something moody cut down on the exposure. Snow sense might need a little more exposure for white snow. Next week: So all this is interesting but who do I judge exposure or Why are those guys always looking at the back of their camera?

[Images from the Id] – Or Do I Need a New Title

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Images from the Id: Or do I need a new title?

Award winner from the Albuquerque Aquarium

Award winner from the Albuquerque Aquarium

During this last week, I have been doing some research. The term id may or may not fit for this blog. Originally, my thinking came from a line in one the greatest “real” Science Fiction films ever made, Forbidden Planet (1956). Dr Morbius (Walter Pidgeon) lay dying after his subconscious, with the help of the Krell machines, created a perfectly horrible monster. In a final  line (delivered to Commander Adams-a young Leslie Nielsen), realizing his place in the massacre, he calls them “Monsters from the Id” The term seems to have a very negative connotation of monsters, unrepressed urges and uncontrolled results. This is not really what I expect for you to find here. You should learn control not chaos. So I’ll keep the name with that understanding just because I like it.

So what about equipment? It is actually very easy, the equipment you use should match your vision and how much control you need of your image. Enough? Well, maybe not. Let’s look at what you need to know and what you want to do and how that affects your choice of camera.

Light, light, light – that is what it is all about. How do you control the light? Think of a triangle. There are three point on the triangle and there are three things you must always be aware of when interpreting what is called exposure. Some of you may know this but bear with me, you may learn something new.

The first point is the ISO (in the old days it was called ASA). The ISO represents the setting of how fast the sensor collects light. Traditionally, not too modern, below 100 was considered SLOW and over 400 was FAST. Now we use the terms LOW and HIGH. High lets you take images in, surprisingly, low light. But it has a draw back. When a high ISO is used certain problems are caused by, for lack, of a better explanation, the BIG Bang and how the physics of the Universe work. This is called noise and it shows up as dotting of the image, decreasing sharpness (subject for the future). Many modern cameras do a good job improving the noise. (another future subject). Remember this, doubling the ISO doubles the amount of light collected and halving it halves the amount of light.

Second point of the triangle is the shutter speed. This is expressed in fractions of a second. It is the easiest to understand. Remember, if the shutter speed is doubled the amount of light is doubled and vise-versa, so 1/250 gets twice as much light as 1/500.

Third point is aperture or better called f-stop. This one can be confusing, f-stop is actually a ratio of the lens opening (aperture ;-)) and the focal length of the lens. Because it is a ratio, the f-stop such as f-16 should correctly be expressed as 1/16. What does that mean? Well, if the f-stop number doubles the amount of light is halved, it is a ratio. So f-16 is twice as fast as f-32. Remember that.

This all means that the three are interlinked by their nature. Let’s say, you have a correct exposure for a scene of ISO-100, Shutter Speed 1/250 and an Aperture (f-stop) of f-8, but your subject is moving and the shutter speed is too slow, you need 1/500. Since you have doubled the shutter speed (half the light) then you must double one of the others to keep the same exposure. Aperture to f-4, remember smaller means more here, OR (not both) double the ISO to 200. This is the way to keep that exposure.

So what do you need to control the light? An adjustable camera. Pros and advanced amateurs want  controls on-camera and we pay for it. We require fast and easy adjustment for each. Consumer level adjustable cameras, in most cases, require going through various menus to make the adjustments. This is a pain and awkward but the only choice for many cameras. Either way, learn your system and practice it. If you buy a new  camera consider on the body easy controls, usually worth the extra cost. This is the weakness of point and shoot and smart phone cameras, most have little or no control of exposure. Phew, got that out of the way.

Automated processing is another problem and another subject.

Next Week – A Little Planing Goes a Long Way

 

[Images from the Id] Photographic Vision

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Images from the Id-Photographic Vision

Ghost Ride

Image Title- Ghost Ride on a Carousel – Santa Monica Pier

A few days ago, I was walking through the Plaza in Santa Fe considering writing this blog and a couple stepped up, each with their own iPad, and took a picture. Is there really a difference between my images, we don’t say pictures anymore, and their’s? My thousands-of-dollars of equipment and their multitaskers? It might be more or maybe less than you think. What is a photograph? Why are we photographers?

I need to make a few assumptions about us photographers. First, we have some desire to take better pictures (I like pictures here better than images). Second, we are motivated to improve. OK, maybe some of us are more “driven” than others. Third, we all think of equipment as being the most important part and we are all wrong, or mostly wrong

As for equipment. To quote Bill Murray (Meatballs 1979) “It doesn’t really matter” or does it?

The most important piece of equipment is the mind of a photographer:

It’s the mind that really counts- your mind and not anyone else’s mind. Hopefully, we all have one but do we know how to use it “like a photographer”?  Most minds start out as unperceptive, little lumps of white and gray matter that act a little like a sponge and start soaking up all that is good and bad around them. That is why my definition of mind includes the sensory connections to the world. As a prospective photographer, we must train the mind to see things differently. Minds, following the Law of Entropy, would rather learn bad things not good and they don’t like being told what to do. Think about (Did I say that?). So get your ducks in a row or duck in a row, sort of like clapping with one hand? Is that why we would snap our fingers in the 60’s? BOT (back on topic). Vision is the most important and you can train your Id, sub-conscience.

You have probably noticed that my mind is it goes anywhere it wants. I have little control but that is actually good when thinking like a photographer. That’s the point. Shoot differently, shoot to show others your perception of the Universe. It makes no difference what camera you are using if you don’t “see” the shot. Learn to look at angle perspective light, what can be called composition. At this point might expect information about following “The Rules”.  Rules make good images. Knowing when to break the rules can make great images. Yes we’ll talk about rules, learn them well  and when to break them.

Your “Vision” is different and not not well understood by others. It includes part of your soul and who you are. Remember you are not what other think your are. It is your difficulty to communicate yourself in your images. Everything you work on is to show that Vision.

Next  the other equipment and how it relates to your “vision”